According to this report, the National Electricity Market (NEM) – the system which connects more than 80% of Australians to one electricity grid – needs a fundamental overhaul. The original design of the NEM assumed that private markets and price signals could not only guide investment in generation, networks and retail, but also accommodate changing environmental requirements.  

Experience has shown that this is not the case. The NEM now operates as a hybrid in which reliability and investment are secured through administrative intervention and long-term contracting, while emissions reductions are driven by a set of overlapping federal and state policy instruments.

Key recommendations

• Split the Australian Energy Market Operator into two bodies, a rule-bound market operator and a national grid authority.
• Consolidate transmission under public ownership within the grid authority.
• Operate generation under a mixed public–private model.
• Reforming distribution, while keeping public ownership available as a long-term option.
• Retaining retail competition, but default pricing should be treated as a public obligation linked to system costs.