This essay critically examines the intersection of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) with Social Determinants of Health (SDH) relating to Early Childhood Development (ECD) and social inclusion for children, discussing the longer-term impacts on the health and wellbeing of non-Indigenous people as compared to First Nations people in Australia. 

It also discusses the importance of creating opportunities for Protective and Compensatory Experiences and prosocial place-based experiences, for social inclusion and supporting recovery from ACEs for First Nations children in the context of their families and communities. 

Finally, this essay discusses the role of social workers in co-creating the conditions for the provision of Protective and Compensatory Experiences through their practice with First Nations children, families, and communities, working towards lifelong positive health outcomes.