In 2011, three digital media giants, Amazon, Google and Apple, launched music locker services. The timing of the launches was curious, given that the decision of a United States district court case on music locker service Mp3tunes.com was still pending1 and the same court had previously ruled that operation of an earlier music locker service Mp3.com2 constituted primary infringement copyright. However, the opportunities posed by locker services were clear. As a centralised and managed music distribution system, lockers provided opportunities for new data, new services and new revenue.