Governments across the south east Asian region are investing large sums in new telecommunications networks to ensure their markets' continued economic success. These 'next generation networks' will be Internet Protocol (IP) based and will provide high speed (and in some cases ultra-high speed i.e. 100 MB/s and above) broadband access to the general public. Governments are encouraging operators to build 'ahead of demand' rather than relying upon market forces. This is in part a nation building exercise; to ensure that the country stays ahead or at least remain competitive with developments overseas. Governments also wish to stimulate new markets. This stimulation usually takes the form of a combination of public private partnership (PPP), cash subsidy and regulatory holiday, or a combination of all three. Additionally, non-incumbent operators will sometimes combine into joint ventures in order to achieve sufficient scale to compete with the local monopolist or to achieve a marketing advantage. Government involvement usually comes with 'strings attached'. This is usually in the form of an enhanced open access regulatory requirements. This is to ensure that the investments benefit the market at large rather than just the selected operators. In some cases open access is mandated contractually (or through a special access undertaking), in other cases it is achieved through special purpose legislation or adapting existing access legislation.