There are over 4 million veterans in Australia, more than half of them aged over 65. This report synthesises available research on veterans’ needs in aged care, focusing on mental health, cognitive health, physical health, and care experiences. 

The review analyses academic literature and grey material published between 2014 and July 2024 and includes studies from Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Israel, European Union members, and Switzerland.

The report identifies gaps in research, particularly concerning elder abuse and the specific needs of Australian veterans compared to civilian populations. It highlights the importance of trauma-informed and culturally informed care to address the complex health needs of older veterans.

Key findings

• No studies were found in Australia or internationally concerning elder abuse.
• Older veterans have higher rates of diagnosed physical and mental health conditions than comparable non-veterans. However, they do not significantly differ on self-reported measures of health and wellbeing.
• Veterans have not been found to be at greater risk of cognitive decline or dementia than the civilian population.
• Older veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease, congestive heart failure, and myocardial infarction.
• Exposure to combat stress in early adulthood affects brain function in later life, independently of PTSD.
• Veterans highly value independence and autonomy in aged care settings.
• There is a high prevalence and comorbidity of mental health conditions among veterans referred for geriatric mental health services.
• The partners of veterans with military-related trauma are also at higher risk of PTSD, which can affect their needs in aged care and capacity to support veterans.