This paper is designed to provide background information on the aims and methods of the Automated Decision-Making and Society (ADM+S) Australian Ad Observatory research project.

This guidance is for members of the general public, industry and other stakeholders who require information about the Basic Online Safety Expectations to increase the transparency and accountability of online service providers, thereby helping to incentivise and improve safety standards.

Efforts to rebalance the relationships between journalism and 'big tech' are focused primarily within three distinct, yet at times overlapping, policy areas: digital taxation, competition policy and intellectual property. This report analyses the evidence and justification for these various policies and examines the implications for news media in low-income and developing countries.

Based on 67 surveys and 25 interviews with residents and stakeholders, this report outlines the summary findings from that initial visit and highlights the digital inclusion challenges that Wilcannia currently confronts.

The research in this report reveals that political parties spent at least $12.5 million on Facebook and Instagram advertising in the final two months of the 2022 election campaign, with Labor and the Greens successfully engaging women voters to a far higher degree than the Coalition.