Loss of wheat production due to frost damage is not common in Victoria. However, while the total loss is rarely great, individual growers can suffer heavy losses in some years. The factors exposing crops to loss are discussed along with tips to minimise the potential for frost damage to occur.

The cultivated blackberries are hybrid plants of the genus Rubus, subgenus Eubatus. They are only distantly related to the weed species, Rubus fructicosus Agg. The following varieties are found in commerce. Descriptive notes are based on performance in Southeast Australia. Fruiting season is dependent on climate and may vary by three weeks from early to...

Armillaria root rot, also known as the honey toadstool or bootlace fungus, is a widespread and often destructive disease that can affect an extremely wide range of plants. Overseas, the disease is reported to be caused by Armillaria mellea. In Australia, however, a related indigenous fungus Armillaria luteobubalina is the most common cause of Armillaria...

Endophytes are fungi that live within healthy plant tissue, relying on it for protection, nutrition and dispersal. Usually they do not cause any disease symptoms but can be detected by examining plant sections with a microscope or by laboratory tests.

Chaff is hay cut into small pieces for feeding to livestock. It is a good fodder, and at its best is cleanly and evenly cut, free of dust, of good colour and with a fresh aroma. Other materials are sometimes described as chaff, such as: The husks of grain separated by threshing or winnowing, often...